TY  - GEN
AU  - Hall, Lenwood W.
AU  - Anderson, Ronald D.
TI  - Deterministic ecological risk assessment for copper in European saltwater environments
KW  - FISHERY
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
KW  - RISK
KW  - MARINE ENVIRONMENT
KW  - COPPER
KW  - SALT WATER FISH
KW  - WATER POLLUTION
KW  - TOXICITY
N2  - A deterministic aquatic ecological risk assessment of copper in European saltwater that addresses its potential risk to the marine environment. It considers total dissolved copper and reflects copper contributions from sources such as natural erosion of earth crust, mining and smelting, municipal and industrial wastewater effluents, pesticides an antifouling paints. Compile and synthesize copper saltwater toxicity data for aquatic biota and available dissolved copper water column exposure data from European saltwater marinas, harbors, estuaries and open oceans/sea areas from 1986. Characterize ecological risk from copper exposure in European saltwater environment and discuss factors influencing toxicity in saltwater. Concludes that the probability of observing adverse acute toxicity due to total measured dissolved copper from all sources in European saltwater environment is generally low and therefore the risk associated with copper from marine anti fouling paints is correspondingly lower
ER  -